Thought Loop - Revision history

User: /* The most likely neurological mechanism for thought loops */

2022-10-22T03:40:33Z

‎The most likely neurological mechanism for thought loops

User: /* References */

2022-10-22T03:40:33Z

‎References

User: /* References */

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‎References

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‎References

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‎References

User: /* Why thought loops commonly occur under the influence of psychedelic drug use */

2022-10-22T03:40:33Z

‎Why thought loops commonly occur under the influence of psychedelic drug use

User: /* References */

2022-10-22T03:40:33Z

‎References

User: /* References */

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‎References

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 Defining thought loops as an occurrence under the influence of psychedelic drugs, it is important to understand the relevant neurological effects that psychedelic drugs have to narrow down the neurological basis for thought loops. Psychedelic drugs such as LSD, lysergic acid diethylamide, have been shown to alter the functioning of 5-HT2AR receptors by binding to the receptor in a way that changes the receptor's functioning [https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/protein-structure-reveals-how-lsd-affects-brain].
-Alterations to the ways that serotonin receptors bind have also been shown to be associated with psychiatric disorders such associated with impaired cognitive control[https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/psychological-medicine/article/lsd-acutely-impairs-working-memory-executive-functions-and-cognitive-flexibility-but-not-riskbased-decisionmaking/99539D459AD226317A37F3E9960D3AC3]. Being that the most likely theory for why thought loops occur under the influence of psychedelic drug use is that it is caused by an impairment of cognitive control, the most likely neurological mechanism for thought loops during psychedelic experiences lies in the altered functioning of serotonin receptors.
+Alterations to the ways that serotonin receptors bind have also been shown to be associated with psychiatric disorders such associated with impaired cognitive control[https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/psychological-medicine/article/lsd-acutely-impairs-working-memory-executive-functions-and-cognitive-flexibility-but-not-riskbased-decisionmaking/99539D459AD226317A37F3E9960D3AC3]. Being that the most likely theory for why thought loops occur under the influence of psychedelic drug use is that it is caused by an impairment of cognitive control, the most likely neurological mechanism for thought loops during psychedelic experiences lies in the temporarily altered functioning of serotonin receptors.
 ==References==

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 [7] “How Do Hallucinogens (LSD, Psilocybin, Peyote, DMT, and Ayahuasca) Affect the Brain and Body?” National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 29 Sept. 2022, https://nida.nih.gov/publications/research-reports/hallucinogens-dissociative-drugs/how-do-hallucinogens-lsd-psilocybin-peyote-dmt-ayahuasca-affect-brain-body.
-[8] [9] Pokorny, Thomas, et al. “LSD Acutely Impairs Working Memory, Executive Functions, and Cognitive Flexibility, but Not Risk-Based Decision-Making.” Psychological Medicine, vol. 50, no. 13, 2019, pp. 2255–2264., https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291719002393.
+[8] [9] [16] Pokorny, Thomas, et al. “LSD Acutely Impairs Working Memory, Executive Functions, and Cognitive Flexibility, but Not Risk-Based Decision-Making.” Psychological Medicine, vol. 50, no. 13, 2019, pp. 2255–2264., https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291719002393.
 [15] “Protein Structure Reveals How LSD Affects the Brain.” National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 28 Feb. 2017, https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/protein-structure-reveals-how-lsd-affects-brain.
 [11] [14] “Executive Functions.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 7 Oct. 2022, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_functions.

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 [8] [9] Pokorny, Thomas, et al. “LSD Acutely Impairs Working Memory, Executive Functions, and Cognitive Flexibility, but Not Risk-Based Decision-Making.” Psychological Medicine, vol. 50, no. 13, 2019, pp. 2255–2264., https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291719002393.
-“Protein Structure Reveals How LSD Affects the Brain.” National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 28 Feb. 2017, https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/protein-structure-reveals-how-lsd-affects-brain.
+[15] “Protein Structure Reveals How LSD Affects the Brain.” National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 28 Feb. 2017, https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/protein-structure-reveals-how-lsd-affects-brain.
 [11] [14] “Executive Functions.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 7 Oct. 2022, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_functions.

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 [4] [5] Watkins, Edward R. “Constructive and Unconstructive Repetitive Thought.” Psychological Bulletin, vol. 134, no. 2, 2008, pp. 163–206., https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.134.2.163.
-[6] [12] Fawcett, Jonathan M., et al. “The Origins of Repetitive Thought in Rumination: Separating Cognitive Style from Deficits in Inhibitory Control over Memory.” Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, vol. 47, 2015, pp. 1–8., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2014.10.009.
+[6] [12] [13] Fawcett, Jonathan M., et al. “The Origins of Repetitive Thought in Rumination: Separating Cognitive Style from Deficits in Inhibitory Control over Memory.” Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, vol. 47, 2015, pp. 1–8., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2014.10.009.
 [7] “How Do Hallucinogens (LSD, Psilocybin, Peyote, DMT, and Ayahuasca) Affect the Brain and Body?” National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 29 Sept. 2022, https://nida.nih.gov/publications/research-reports/hallucinogens-dissociative-drugs/how-do-hallucinogens-lsd-psilocybin-peyote-dmt-ayahuasca-affect-brain-body.

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:40, 22 October 2022
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	“Protein Structure Reveals How LSD Affects the Brain.” National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 28 Feb. 2017, https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/protein-structure-reveals-how-lsd-affects-brain.		“Protein Structure Reveals How LSD Affects the Brain.” National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 28 Feb. 2017, https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/protein-structure-reveals-how-lsd-affects-brain.

−	[11] “Executive Functions.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 7 Oct. 2022, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_functions.	+	[11] [14] “Executive Functions.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 7 Oct. 2022, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_functions.

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 This theory is in conflict with the existing theory on PsychonautWiki which suggests that the loss of short-term memory leads to thought loops[https://psychonautwiki.org/wiki/Thought_loop], executive function, which is impaired under the influence of psychedelic drugs, does not involve short-term memory[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_functions].
-Further evidence supports the idea that thought loops are much more likely to occur under the influence of psychedelic drugs because they impair executive function. Repetitive thought has been shown to be highly associated with impairment of cognitive control processes related to memory[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005791614000949?via%3Dihub] and psychedelics have been shown to impair executive functioning (which are necessary for cognitive control)[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005791614000949?via%3Dihub]. With these two pieces of information, categorizing thought loops as a type of repetitive thought experience, it is possible that thought loops are more likely to occur with impaired executive function (and thus cognitive control) caused by the influence of psychedelic drugs.
+Further evidence supports the idea that thought loops are much more likely to occur under the influence of psychedelic drugs because they impair executive function. Repetitive thought has been shown to be highly associated with impairment of cognitive control processes related to memory[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005791614000949?via%3Dihub] and psychedelics have been shown to impair executive functioning (which are necessary for cognitive control)[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005791614000949?via%3Dihub] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_functions]. With these two pieces of information, categorizing thought loops as a type of repetitive thought experience, it is possible that thought loops are more likely to occur with impaired executive function (and thus cognitive control) caused by the influence of psychedelic drugs.
 ==The most likely neurological mechanism for thought loops==

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 ==References==
-[1] [3]Josikins. “Thought Loop.” PsychonautWiki, PsychonautWiki, 18 Sept. 2022, https://psychonautwiki.org/wiki/Thought_loop.
+[1] [3] [10] Josikins. “Thought Loop.” PsychonautWiki, PsychonautWiki, 18 Sept. 2022, https://psychonautwiki.org/wiki/Thought_loop.
 [4] [5] Watkins, Edward R. “Constructive and Unconstructive Repetitive Thought.” Psychological Bulletin, vol. 134, no. 2, 2008, pp. 163–206., https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.134.2.163.