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Thought Loop

by: Daniel Ha

A thought loop is a term used anecdotally by many online that is commonly described as being trapped thinking the same thought over and over again in a cyclical nature for a period of a few seconds to a few hours. The term is popularly used to describe this experience while on a psychedelic drug[1], though there are also places online where the term "thought loop" is used to describe experiences not on a psychedelic drug.

Existing theories on thought loops

Though no academic literature exists on why thought loops occur, the most popular theory online is found at PsychonautWiki[2], an online encyclopedia project on topics related to psychedelic usage:

"This state of mind is most likely to occur during states of memory suppression in which there is a partial or complete failure of the person's short-term memory. This may suggest that thought loops are the result of cognitive processes becoming unable to sustain themselves for appropriate lengths of time due to a lapse in short-term memory, resulting in the thought process attempting to restart from the beginning only to fall short once again in a perpetual cycle."[3]

This theory however, is academically unsupported.

Terms in used in psychology that are similar to "thought loop"

A term used in academia to describe repeatedly having the same thought is "repetitive thought"[4]. In a paper by a professor of Psychology at the University of Exeter, Professor Edward Watkins categorizes several popularly used terms for experiences of repeated thought under the umbrella of "repetitive thought." None of these terms matched perfectly with the description of a thought loop, but all described experiences of thinking the same thought repeatedly. The uniqueness of the anecdotal description of thought loops compared to the other types of repetitive thought are two-fold: 1. thought loops are specified to be over a short period of time and 2. are highly associated with psychedelic drug use.

Why thought loops commonly occur under the influence of psychedelic drug use

Psychedelic drugs affect the brain in largely the same way [5], producing its' effects mainly through agonizing the 5-HT2A receptor[6].

LSD has been shown to significantly impair executive functions such as cognitive flexibility and working memory[7]. Because of the common report of thought loops occurring under the influence of psychedelic drugs, it is possible that the impairment of executive functioning caused by being under the influence of psychedelic drugs are the reason that thought loops are commonly reported as having happened while under the influence of a psychedelic drug.

This theory is in conflict with the existing theory on PsychonautWiki which suggests that the loss of short-term memory leads to thought loops[8], executive function, which is impaired under the influence of psychedelic drugs, does not include short-term memory[9].